You do not talk about energy

Howdy, everyone! Once again we shall be addressing quite an important and diverse subject. No, we sadly aren't delving into the deliciously complicated psyche of Robert James Smith; we're talkin' about the concept of energy. Energy is pretty difficult do describe. It's sort of like being asked what water tastes like; water! However, if I had to explain then I'd say this: energy is the ability to cause some action to occur. Energy can be transferred or stored. It can't be created or destroyed. Again we are dealing with a megalithic concept here with magnitudes of content inside it. Right now we're only worrying about Potential and Kinetic energy.

Both Potential and Kinetic energy pertain to movement; motion. Potential energy is the energy a thing will have due to it's placement. A super generic example would be a pebble perched precariously on an ant-hill. Now let's say that pebble is a boulder and the ant-hill it was on is now a mountain! The boulder on the mountain has more potential energy than the pebble on an ant-hill. That's because the higher an object is and the more mass it has, the more Potential energy.

 Kinetic energy is the energy that a moving object has. The more speed and mass an object has the more kinetic energy. If the pebble begins to roll down the anthill it will have less energy than if the boulder rolls down the mountain. That's because again when something has more mass the more kinetic energy it will have.

Also, kinetic energy can be transferred from one object to another. It's against the rules to talk about this ,but it's a fantastic example. Let's say you're in Fight club, right? Okay, so you're Tyler Durden, and all of your bros are circling you and this other guy. That's because you and he are about to engage in an epic rumble of bro-ness. You, being Tyler Durden, punch this fella and, Wham, down goes Frazier! When you, Tyler Durden, punched that guy's face you were transferring energy. Also, pain, but mostly energy. Quite a lot of energy too!

That's about all, folks! please leave all comments, milkshakes, Simon Gallups, Robert Smiths, and puppies down bellow. All information from notes in class and probably Brainpop.


links:
Frazier

It doesn't Matter

     Howdy, everyone! Today we’ll be talking about something that matters a whole lot; matter! Seriously, though matter is insanely important. Even more important than that Cure album I’ve been wanting; yeah that’s pretty dog garn important! Matter is everything under the sun; it even is the sun. That’s because matter is anything that takes up space. Matter is you, me, cheeseburgers, Brad Pitt, India, computers, Mars, budgies, Budgie, the moon, the Disintegration album, nail polish, Wisconsin; you get the idea.  In case you hadn’t figured out by now, matter is a huge multi-faceted concept, so we’ll be taking it on little by little. First, let’s learn about how matter changes states.

      There are three states of matter: solids, liquids, and gases. Matter changes states when exposed to pressure and temperature changes. I'd like to mention that no matter what state of matter a substance is in, it will retain it's chemical properties. Sort of like how when you wear a super cute outfit and curl your hair one day, but then the next day you just wear sweats and a ponytail. You're still you, only your physical appearance changed.

      First, let’s talk about solids. Solid is the state of matter where the molecules within something are tightly packed together. Solids have a definite shape and volume under normal conditions. A good example of a solid would be ice.
      Next let's talk liquids. Liquids have a fixed volume, but not a fixed shape. The molecules inside liquids are fluid, just like liquids themselves! An obvious example of liquids would of course be water. Solids become liquids after reaching a melting point. Ice's melting point is 32 degrees. This also bleeds into heat of fusion. Heat of fusion is all energy being put towards melting something. If you were to be boiling a bunch of ice and put a thermometer in it, the heat will not rise until all the ice has melted. Neat, huh?
      Finally, we have the gas state. In the gas state molecules within the gas will move around randomly and wildly. Gases have no fixed shape or volume. A good example of a gas would be water vapor. I should also mention Heat of Vaporization. It's a lot like Heat of Fusion, only this is where all energy is spent turning something into a gas. Again, if we I were to boil water, the temperature would remain the same until the water has evaporated.
      Those aren't really the only three; they're just the main ones. There are still Colloids and Plasmas which I'll go into briefly. Plasmas are electrically charged gases, like stars and lightning.

 Colloids are a mixture that contains two different phases of matter. An example would be pudding, milkshakes, yogurt, smoothies, dang it I'm hungry now!

      Finally, let's talk about Condensation, Sublimation, and Deposition. Condensation is the process of a gas turning into a liquid. Ever leave a water bottle out on a hot day? Notice all those water droplets covering the inside? That's from condensation. Next we have Sublimation; a gas turning into a solid. An example of this would be Carbon Dioxide into Dry Ice. Speaking of dry ice; that's where all that awesome fog comes from during Iron Maiden Performances! Finally we have Deposition. Deposition is the concept of gas changing to a solid. That's what causes frost patterns on your windows in the winter!

     Well, I think that's all that matters. Sorry about that one; I hope this helped you guys out! Leave I comment or else I will drink your milkshake. Actually, I'd drink your milkshakes whether you comment or not.

-Carly

Picture credits:
three states of matter
lol-squid
Matter changes

You're not the boss of me, pal!

article

About the article:
      Recently studies have been conducted disproving the theory that dogs, like wolves, follow the alpha. No, it's actually the contrary; a dog will follow the friendliest. This means if you assert yourself to a dog, it won't obey you. Rather, you should be kind to it in order to be seen as the leader. Again, this is the complete opposite with wolves. The compassionate pack member is often seen as a subordinate, and the more aggressive domineering ones are head honcho.
      The article also points out that when training dogs, it is still very much the norm for trainers to use the alpha dog approach.  The article points to several experiments disproving this theory of dominance. One experiment tested the claim saying 'if you let a dog win tug-of-war it will see you as inferior'. The procedure assessed how long it took a group of golden retriever pups to follow a command either after losing 20 games of tug-of-war. The study found that this had absolutely no effect of the puppies' ability to follow commands.

My reaction to the article: 
      I myself agree with the article. At my home my father is the 'alpha' in the animal's eyes where my mother would be the friendliest. My dog, Holly, normally follows my mother around rather than my father. I find it incredibly interesting that dogs are further distancing themselves from their feral relatives.
      People need to stop thinking they are so alike, more and more dogs are on a divergent from their ancestors. Dogs are one of the earliest animal's people have domesticated, so naturally they're going to end up being separate from wolves. The article points out also that the 'top-dog' approach is still used when training dogs, but it shouldn't be.

this is a wolf:

this is a pug:


















When juxtaposed, wolves and certain dog breeds don't even look alike. Truly we as humans have almost successfully made dogs unlike wolves.

I hope everyone found the article and my response interesting.
For those of you with dogs, perhaps you should see who it likes better: the person in your home that's the 'alpha' or the most compassionate. comment with your deductions

Thank you for reading! Who let the dogs out; they drank all my milkshakes!
-Carly

Chemical bonding

Hello! Today I'm going to be talking about Chemical Bonds.

      First, let's quickly go over atomic structure. An atom is a very tiny In the middle of an atom there is the nucleolus, which has neutrons and protons inside of it. Neutrons have a neutral charge and protons are positively charged. Shells are groups of electrons at different distances from the nucleus. Each shell also has a different number of electrons. It goes 2, 8, 8 16, 16, 32, 32, etc. Clouds are a roughly spherical orbit of electrons, moving at around the speed of light! Great, now that that's covered, we can get down to the nitty gritty! Let's talk about chemical Bonds!

       We should first go over what a valence electron is.  I know this was something we struggled with, so I'll ry to be as clear as possible in explaining it. Basically, it is an electron in the outer shell of an atom that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds. When an atoms outer shell is completely full, it is stable and will not react with other atoms. However, an unstable atom, which outer shell isn't full, will react with other atoms or molecules in order to become stable. That's not so hard, is is?

      There are two main types of Chemical Bonds: ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds occur when one atom takes an electron from another. The atom that loses its electron will become positively charged while the atom that gains the electron will become negatively charged. This is also an example of electrostatic attraction, which is a force between a negatively and positevly charged  atom that causes them to attract to eachoher. Almost like the term 'opposites attract'; this is why good girls take to the bad boy y'all! Here is an example of an ionic bond and electrostatic attraction:

In a covalent bond, the atoms involved will share an electron between them. An example for this would be water, or h2o. oxygen is sharing electrons with the two hydrogen atoms :

Well, that covers just about all the basics of chemical bonds. Again, this is a difficult concept to learn, but I hope I made it a little easier for you all. I really hope you liked my blog, I look forward to reading all of your comments C:

-Carly
( I drink all of your milkshakes! I drink them up!!)

links for images:
atomic structure
salt
water

information recieved from Brainpop

The Periodic Table of Milkshakes

       Scientists organize the world in either matter or energy; however, there are many more subcategories. We use the periodic table to organize matter. Well, what is the periodic table? The periodic table is a chart that shows all of the basic elements that make up our ovely little universe. It is arranged into periods and groups. Periods are used to show the number of electron shells an element has. Meanwhile, groups are arranged vertically and have to do with similar configurations of electrons. Bellow is what the periodic table looks like:

     

      

       It took a very long time to come up with this accurate arrangement.  Finally, Russian guy, named Dmitri Mendeleev made the chart in 1869. After much refining, the table finally began catching on.  He set it up in columns and in rows. Something amazing about Mendeleev is that he left extra space for elements that would be used later on. Because of the accuracy of his table, not much about it has changed in the 140 years of its creation. Below is an image of Mendeleev who has lovely facial hair:

 

   

       The periodic table is made up of each square that corresponds to every element. On the middle of the square there is a symbol for the element it represents.  These symbols are international, so everyone in the world can recognize the. Kind of like the scientific name for different flora and fauna. Another important aspect is the atomic number, located at the top of each square, tells the number of protons and electrons an element has. Elements are arranged in order by their atomic numbers. The ones on top are the lightest. The number at the bottom of these squares is the atomic mass. Below is an example of what an element on the periodic table looks like; try to find the symbol atomic number and atomic mass.

 

     

        The why the periodic table is arranged tells us a bunch about an atom; simply by how it’s located. Typically, elements on the left side are metals and elements on the right side are nonmetals. The division of these two types aren’t even however. On the periodic table there are about 2/3 that are metals and only 1/3 non-metals. The periodic table is also grouped in other categories. There are seven of these: Alkali metals, Alkaline-earth metals, Transition metals, Poor metals, Semimetals, and Nonmetals.

        Another interesting fact about the elements on the periodic table is that for elements 92 and higher, they cannot be found in  nature and are made in labs!

        I hope you all liked my blog about the periodic table; I know it looks tough, but I hope this helped you all a little bit!  Just like an elderly learning how Facebook works; I’m sure you’ll get the hang of it eventually.

Bye everyone! Remember: I drink your Milkshake! I drink it up!
-Carly

links for images:
periodic table
hydrogen
Mendeleev

Compunds, Mixtures, and Milkshakes.

      Today I will be talking all about compounds and mixtures and how they are different. First, we should get down to the nitty-gritty and go over how they differ. Mixtures are made through a physical change where a compound is made through a chemical reaction. Now that we covered that teensy weensy easy rule, we can really delve into what compounds and mixtures are about!

       With a compound is a chemical change taking place. A compound is formed when atoms of two or more elements bond in a chemical reaction. For example, two hydrogen atoms, when combined with one oxygen atom will make new compound water. Compounds look nothing like the elements they come from. Another example, a compound you may recognize from the dinner table; salt! Salt is formed when you mix the elements sodium, a metal, with a green gas element, chlorine.

The reaction to make compounds is also very difficult to separate.

      When an element or a compound is blended, it will make a mixture. Each substance that is part of a mixture will retain its own properties. Mixtures are achieved through either mechanical or physical means. There are two types of mixtures: heterogeneous and homogeneous.

      Homogenous is where the substances in a mixture all blend nice and evenly and are normally quite hard to distinguish visibly. Kind of like a milkshake! Milkshakes are homogenous because there’s an even blend of all the ingredients. It also tastes pretty darn good! However, with something like salad is a heterogeneous mixture meaning that the parts have not combined completely. Also salad doesn’t taste nearly as good as a milkshake.

      Well, now you now the rudiments of Compounds and Mixture! Since you are now keen on the topic, when you go about your lovely little lives, see how many things you can identify as being a compound or a mixture. Also, if you find a mixture, find out whether it’s homogenous or heterogeneous. I’d love for you to comment sharing your discoveries!

Here is a really neat little article I found about compounds on science daily:

Goodbye everyone and remember: I drink your homogenous milkshake! I drink it up!
-Carly

links for my images:
salt

 

Today, I will share with you a tale about how atoms came to be. A very long time ago, like over 2,000 years ago, that’s a pretty long time. Ryan Gosling wasn’t around yet; those were dark days. Anyways, 2,000 years ago a Greek dude called Democritus (great name)

Declared everything was made up of atoms.  Yes everything. That means you, me, trailers, Twinkies, pickles, kittens, spiders, tables, Ryan Gosling, everything, are made up of atoms.  In fact atoms come from, a Greek word. This word was atomos which means indivisible. Because, a ton of English words come from Greek ones. Like a ton.



Not that one though; that’s Japanese

Much later, in the 19^th century, another guy named John Dalton refined the idea with his theory that atoms are the smallest particle of an element that retains its chemical properties. That means if you break apart an atom of a certain element, it is no longer that element. One small thing can make a very big difference.  Just like how the color of your nail polish can change your whole look! Now, on the periodic table of elements, they are arranged by their atomic number, which is their number of protons or electrons. When atoms bond together they make molecules. For example, water is a molecule. Its comprised of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom, which is why it’s called H2O!

Atoms are made up of even smaller things, subatomic particles, called protons, neutrons and electrons. The center of an atom is a nucleus, much like the center of a cell, only it is a cluster of positive charged protons and neutral neutrons. They are held together by a thing called the strong force, and this keeps protons from repelling each other.  The nucleus is encompassed by a cloud of electrons moving about the speed of light! They orbit the nucleus in shells, depending on the different energy level, and each shell holds a different number of electrons. The further away from the nucleus, the more electrons there are.

Atoms are incredibly small, so most of the universe is actually filled with empty space. That’s probably why it’s called space. Because there’s so much of it! SPAAAAAAAACEEEEEEEE

Thanks for reading! I hope you all enjoyed! feel freeto post a comment containing feedback.
-Carly


Links:
Democritus Pic
Greek dad quote
Space sphere