Chemical bonding

Hello! Today I'm going to be talking about Chemical Bonds.

      First, let's quickly go over atomic structure. An atom is a very tiny In the middle of an atom there is the nucleolus, which has neutrons and protons inside of it. Neutrons have a neutral charge and protons are positively charged. Shells are groups of electrons at different distances from the nucleus. Each shell also has a different number of electrons. It goes 2, 8, 8 16, 16, 32, 32, etc. Clouds are a roughly spherical orbit of electrons, moving at around the speed of light! Great, now that that's covered, we can get down to the nitty gritty! Let's talk about chemical Bonds!

       We should first go over what a valence electron is.  I know this was something we struggled with, so I'll ry to be as clear as possible in explaining it. Basically, it is an electron in the outer shell of an atom that can participate in the formation of chemical bonds. When an atoms outer shell is completely full, it is stable and will not react with other atoms. However, an unstable atom, which outer shell isn't full, will react with other atoms or molecules in order to become stable. That's not so hard, is is?

      There are two main types of Chemical Bonds: ionic and covalent. Ionic bonds occur when one atom takes an electron from another. The atom that loses its electron will become positively charged while the atom that gains the electron will become negatively charged. This is also an example of electrostatic attraction, which is a force between a negatively and positevly charged  atom that causes them to attract to eachoher. Almost like the term 'opposites attract'; this is why good girls take to the bad boy y'all! Here is an example of an ionic bond and electrostatic attraction:

In a covalent bond, the atoms involved will share an electron between them. An example for this would be water, or h2o. oxygen is sharing electrons with the two hydrogen atoms :

Well, that covers just about all the basics of chemical bonds. Again, this is a difficult concept to learn, but I hope I made it a little easier for you all. I really hope you liked my blog, I look forward to reading all of your comments C:

-Carly
( I drink all of your milkshakes! I drink them up!!)

links for images:
atomic structure
salt
water

information recieved from Brainpop